Dry cough which is excessive and often troublesome needs to be suppressed in order to improve the quality of life and prevent the complications of excessive cough. This talk dicusses the role of various antitussives in the management cough and the dual mode of action of the non opioid antitussive- Noscapine.

Cough is a common symptom of Respiratory tract infection (RTI) in children. This cough mostly dry in nature and management of the same is very crucial.This talk discusses about the advantages and disadvantages of non opioid antitussives in suppressing the acute dry cough associated with RTI in children

Dehydration is a serious issue worldwide caused by excessive loss of body water. Fluid is lost through sweat, tears, vomiting, frequent urination, or diarrhoea. WHO and UNICEF have recommended single formulation of ORS (Oral Rehydration Solution) to prevent or treat dehydration from diarrhoea irrespective of the cause or age group affected.

Diabetes and its complications, if not well managed, can lead to frequent hospitalisations and premature death. Strict glycaemic control over long term is the mainstay of diabetic neuropathy management, however, it does not reduce or halt the progression of diabetic neuropathy.

Constipation is a chronic condition that affects approximately 16% of the adults worldwide. BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, or classes II and III, increase the risk of chronic diseases and mortality. Although obesity has been linked to constipation, it is not recognised as a cause of constipation, but they have been found to share risk factors

Antibiotic Stewardship Program plays a crucial role in combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Implementing the best strategic approach, proper utilisation of available tools, strict adherence to the infection control practices, and judicious use of antibiotics can help in fighting the evil of the AMR.

Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are widespread. Most common FGIDs encountered in gastroenterology practice are functional dyspepsia & irritable bowel syndrome. Digestive enzymes have shown significant improvement in symptoms caused by FD & IBD which include abdominal pain, bloating, early satiety, fullness, belching, & nausea.

Poor child growth is a global health concern. Zinc plays an important role in growth and development. About 17% of the world’s population is at the risk of zinc deficiency. Zinc participates in cell division, intestinal electrolyte absorption, neurotransmission, immune response, enzymatic catalysis, and functional modification of proteins.

Transitioning from intravenous to oral antibiotics is advantageous, prior to which it needs to be made sure if the antibiotic shows a good clinical stability in the patient, control of disease progression, & patient should feel symptomatically better. Concentration of the oral antibiotic, bioavailability, & pharmacokinetics play an important role.

Micronutrients are beneficial for the management of COVID-19 as they help boost the immune health. Choosing a multivitamin with the right amount of Se and Lyc not only improves the immune response, but also enhances the recovery.

The World Health Organization strongly suggests a specific formula for Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) in pediatrics. This crucial formula, containing the right mix of sodium and glucose, addresses dehydration in children, especially due to issues like diarrhea and its complications. Endorsed by WHO, this formula is a straightforward and essential intervention, emphasizing the global commitment to pediatric health by providing a standardized and effective solution for dehydration management in children.

Cefpodoxime, a third-generation cephalosporin, is a potent antibiotic renowned for its efficacy in managing respiratory tract infections. Distinguished by broad-spectrum activity and stability against beta-lactamases, it outperforms alternatives such as penicillin. Widely recommended by guidelines, its favorable dosing regimen and robust tissue penetration underscore its status as a valuable therapeutic option for respiratory infections

Cefuroxime, a second-generation cephalosporin, serves as a valuable option for empirical therapy in urinary tract infections (UTIs). The management of UTIs involves swift antibiotic administration and prudent selection, considering patient response and culture results. In cases of severe symptoms or localized antibiotic resistance, empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics become essential. Cefuroxime stands out in this context, offering extensive coverage, elevated urinary concentration, and a proven track record of effectiveness and safety for UTI treatment. This antibiotic is a go-to option for empirical therapy in UTI management.

In India, up to 90% of elderly individuals exhibit Vitamin B12 deficiency, linked to inadequate intake and absorption issues. This deficiency can lead to diverse health concerns, including cardiovascular issues, Alzheimer's disease, depression, and osteoporosis. Factors like metformin usage in diabetes exacerbate deficiency risks. Timely screening and supplementation are crucial to address Vitamin B12 deficiency and its associated health risks effectively.